不同水肥条件对间作花生和谷子水分养分利用的影响

Effects of different water and nutrient conditions on water and nutrition use efficiencies in intercropped peanut and foxtail millet

采用水、氮、磷"3414"试验设计,研究了花生和谷子间作不同水肥条件对作物水分、养分利用的影响。结果表明:当氮素和磷素均处于丰富水平,随着土壤水分的提高,花生叶片水分利用效率呈下降趋势,谷子呈先升高后下降的趋势;在水分和其中一种肥料因素处于丰富水平时,花生和谷子叶片水分利用效率均随着另一肥料因素的增加呈先升高后下降趋势。花生氮素积累量与施氮量,花生磷素积累量与施磷量,谷子氮素、磷素和钾素积累量与土壤水分含量具有明显相关性。花生氮积累量与钾积累量、磷积累量与钾积累量之间具有较高相关性;谷子氮积累量、磷积累量和钾积累量,三者中两因素之间均具有较高相关性;花生氮积累量与谷子钾积累量和磷积累量、花生磷积累量与谷子磷积累量、花生钾积累量与谷子钾积累量和磷积累量具有较高的协同相关性。在其他两因素处于丰富水平,随着土壤水分的提高,花生和谷子氮素、磷素和钾素利用效率均呈先升高后下降趋势;随着施氮量的增加,花生和谷子氮素和钾素利用效率呈先升高后降低的趋势,谷子磷素利用效率呈增高趋势;随着磷素水平的不断提高,花生和谷子氮素、磷素和钾素利用效率均呈先升高后降低趋势。

In this study, effects on water and nutrition use efficiency under different water and nutrient management approaches in the intercropping system between peanut and foxtail millet were investigated through the ＂3414＂ design of water, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that under rich levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, water use efficien- cy of peanut leaves showed a declining tendency and the water use efficiency of foxtail millet leaves was first increased but subsequently went dropped, with the enhancement of soil moisture. The peanut and foxtail millet water use efficiency went up first but down afterwards with the increase of other fertilizer, when they were under rich water and fertilizer. The high correlations were observed between peanut nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen application, peanut phosphorus accu- mulation and phosphorus accumulation, millet nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium application and soil moisture. In addi- tion, high correlations were also found between peanut nitrogen accumulation and potassium accumulation, peanut phos- phorus accumulation and potassium accumulation, foxtail millet phosphorus accumulation and nitrogen accumulation, fox- tail millet phosphorus accumulation and potassium accumulation, foxtail millet phosphorus accumulation and potassium accumulation, peanut nitrogen accumulation and millet phosphorus accumulation, peanut and foxtail millet phosphorus accumulation, peanut and foxtail millet potassium accumulation, peanut phosphorus accumulation and foxtail millet phos- phorus accumulation. When two other factors were at rich levels, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use effieiencies in peanut and foxtail millet were firstly increased but decreased subsequently with the increase of soil moisture. With the in- crease of nitrogen application rate, nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies in peanut and foxtail millet were firstly increased but then dropped, while an increasing trend of foxtail millet phosphorus use efficiency was observed. However, the correlation between peanut phosphorus use efficiency and nitrogen level was not obvious. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies of peanut and foxtail millet were firstly elevated but then decreased with the increase of phos- phorus application rate.