葡萄埋土防寒区水平棚架“顺沟倾斜龙干”树形研究初报

Preliminary research on single cordon obliquely along the ditch of grape in cold areas

以红地球、弗雷无核葡萄为对象,比较了水平棚架传统龙干树形和＂顺沟倾斜龙干＂树形在产量控制、简化管理、果实品质和促进机械化作业等方面的差异。结果表明,在控产过程中,＂顺沟倾斜龙干＂树形红地球穗重和产量的实际值与目标值的相似指数为1.02和1.03,弗雷为0.99和0.98,而传统龙干树形红地球以上指标相似指数分别为0.88和1.31,弗雷为0.85和1.08。＂顺沟倾斜龙干＂树形果实可溶性固形物含量提高1.1%、还原糖含量提高0.6%～2.8%、Vc含量提高0.3～0.5 mg·100g-1,枝条成熟节位增加3～4节,髓茎比降低0.1～0.2,植株叶面积指数降低0.6～0.9;传统龙干树形架面1～4道铁丝明显下沉,果穗最低处1.44 m,＂顺沟倾斜龙干＂树形架面中间2～5道铁丝下沉不明显,果穗最低处1.62 m;早霜来袭后,＂顺沟倾斜龙干＂树形好果率（无明显受冻痕迹的果穗比例）是传统龙干树形的2.2倍,而损失率（穗轴变褐、果梗干枯的果穗比例）较传统龙干树形低83.3%。

Red globe and Flame seedless grapes were employed as experimental materials comparing the differences in fruit quality between Pergola trellis TSC and SCO to simplify the management and production control and machinery operation. Results showed that under the condition of SCO,similarity indexes of actual value and target value in grain weight and yield of Red globe were 1. 02 and 1. 03 respectively,and those of Flame seedless were 0.99 and 0. 98. Under the condition of TSC,Red globe similarity indexes were 0. 88 and 1. 31,and Flame seedless ones were 0. 85 and 1. 08. Soluble solid content of SCO in berry became increased by 1. 1% and reducing sugar content were increased by 0. 6% to 2. 8%. Vc content was increased by 0. 3 ～ 0. 5 mg·100g- 1,and branch internode number of mature plants was increased by 3 ～ 4. Pith / branch were lower by 0. 1 to 0. 2,and plant leaf area index was decreased by 0. 6 to 0. 9. Under the condition of TSC,1 ～ 4 wire frames were dragged down,resulting a lowest place of 1. 44 m for fruits. SCO frame surface between 2 ～ 5 wire sink was not obvious,and grain lowestplace was 1. 62 m. After the first frost strike,commodity fruit rate of SCO was 2. 2 times more than TSC and loss rate was 83. 3% lower than the TSC.