不同矿化度咸水滴灌对盐碱地水盐特性及油葵生长的影响

Effects of drip irrigation with different saline water on salt and water characteristics in saline-alkali soil and oil sunflower growth

针对宁夏银北地区大面积分布的白僵土盐碱地,通过连续2年田间定位试验,研究了膜下滴灌条件下,灌溉水矿化度（0.2、1、2、3、4、5 g·L-1）对土壤水盐特性及油葵生长和产量的影响。结果表明,0.2、1 g·L-1的微咸水滴灌时,土壤表现出较好的入渗性能,随灌溉水矿化度从0.2 g·L-1升高到5 g·L-1时,40～60 cm深度处土壤含水量先增加后减小。低矿化度咸水处理表现出了明显的盐分淋洗效果,而高矿化度的咸水灌溉带来了盐分在土壤中的大量积累,导致了作物的生长受阻,甚至死亡。采用矿化度为1 g·L-1的微咸水滴灌,可以获得较好的植物生长和较高产量。因此,采用膜下滴灌的方式,1 g·L-1的微咸水可用于油葵的种植,进而开发利用白僵土盐碱地。

Pointed at large area distribution of Baijiang saline-alkali soil in northern Ningxia,through the continuous 2 years fixed position field experiment,have researched the effects of different saline water（ 0. 2、1、2、3、4、5 g·L- 1） on salt and water characteristics and oil sunflower growth,with the condition of drip irrigation under plastic film. The results showed that： When using the lower saline water（ 0. 2、1 g·L- 1） for drip irrigation,the soil put up better soil infiltration performance. As the water mineralization degree increased from 0. 2 g·L- 1to 5 g·L- 1,the soil water content at 40 ～ 60 cm depth was increase at first then decrease. The treatment of lower saline water has showed an obvious effect of salt leaching,but with high saline water irrigation resulted in large salt accumulation in soil,which led to the damage of crop growth or even death. Using the micro salty water of 1 g·L- 1for drip irrigation,could be obtained better growth and rather higher yield. Therefore,the micro salty water of 1 g·L- 1could be used to plant the oil sunflower by the drip irrigation under plastic film,also to reclaim the Baijiang saline-alkali soils.