建国初期的计划经济效率--基于制度变迁理论与DEA检验的经济史研究

The Efficiency of the Planned Economy in the Early Days of the Founding of the PRC——Research on Economic History Based on the Theory of Institutional Change and DEA Test

由于史料与数据缺失以及学术传统等原因,经济学界对计划经济的具体运行机制及其效率的研究相对缺乏。本文在制度变迁理论的框架上,利用最新的历史资料,对建国初期计划经济取代市场经济的过渡阶段(1949-1957年)进行经济史层面的归纳,通过分析经济史料中的事件细节,并使用数据包络分析法(DEA)研究相关数据,试图揭示出这次基本经济制度变迁所带来的制度绩效。研究结果发现:计划经济的建立,使国民经济出现了产业体系失衡、价格机制缺失、供求关系紊乱、企业缺乏竞争等问题,以全要素生产率为代表的经济效率受到了负面影响。

Because of the reasons like lack of historic materials and data and academic tradition,little research is done in economic circle on the concrete operation mechanism and the efficiency of planned economy.Based on the theory of institutional change,using the historic data that are found recently,this paper summarizes the transition stage( from 1949 to 1957) in the early days of the founding of PRC when the planned economy is replaced by market economy from the perspective of economic history. It analyzes the details of the events in economic data and studies the relevant data by DEA and tries to disclose the institutional performance brought by the basic economic system change. The research results find: the establishment of planned economy led to the problems in national economy such as the disequilibrium of industrial system,lack of price mechanism,chaos of supply and demand relationship and enterprises' lack of competition and the economic efficiency represented by total factor productivity is negatively affected.