冰雪项目运动员流畅状态的影响因素及其特点

Influencing Factors and Characteristics of the State of Fluency for Winter Sports Players

对于运动员流畅状态的干预已成为理论研究的热点问题,而探寻流畅状态的影响因素进而调控运动员的流畅状态,也是训练与竞技实践工作者的迫切需要。从流畅状态干预角度出发,对124名冰雪项目运动员施测"运动员流畅状态影响因素问卷",考察冰雪项目运动员流畅状态影响因子及其特点。研究发现:冰雪项目运动员流畅状态影响因素由"积极的心理准备"、"放松的情绪状态"和"专注于比赛的注意力"三个因子构成;不同训练年限运动员在"积极的心理准备"因子存在显著差异,不同项目、主力–非主力、训练年限分组、运动成绩分组的运动员之间,在"放松的情绪状态"和"专注于比赛的注意力"因子存在显著差异。对冰雪项目运动员赛前流畅状态的调控,要重视赛前心理准备、情绪放松以及比赛专注力的心理指导与教育,并要针对不同群体运动员的特点开展相应工作。

The interference of the state of fluency for athletes has been the hot issue of theoretical research, and reserching the influencing factors of the state of fluency so as to adjust the state of fluency for athletes, is also the pressing requirements for training and competitive practising people, starting from the interference of the state of fluency, having a ＂questionnaire on influencing the state of fluency for athletes＂ to 124 winter sports players, study on the influencing factors and characteristics of winer sports players in the state of fluency, the reserch found that the influencing factors of the state of fluency for winter sports players contain ＂positive psychological preparation＂, ＂relaxed mood＂ and ＂attention to competitions＂ . the athletes in different training years on the factor of ＂ positive psychological preparation＂ has a distinct difference, athletes indifferent event, main force and non-main force, training years, performance has a distinct difference, about the adjusting the state of fluency for winter sports athletes before competitions, pay attention to the psychological guiding and education of the preparation of psychology, relaxed mood and attention before competitions, and carry out for different athletes according to the characteristics.