出口跟随者会受益于开拓者吗?——来自中国工业企业的证据

Are There Spillovers Effects from Pioneers to Followers in Exporting:Evidences from Chinese Industrial Enterprises

本文以中国新组合出口中的开拓者和跟随者为对象,利用2000~2009年《中国海关数据库》与《中国工业企业数据库》的匹配数据,从两个角度对出口跟随者是否受益于开拓者进行验证：一是成功的开拓者是否拥有更多的跟随者？结果证实,在控制出口时间的情况下,跟随者个数随着开拓者出口年限的延长而增加;基于产品种类的分组检验进一步显示该溢出效应在制成品中作用较小,在初级产品和农产品中比较明显。二是跟随者是否比开拓者拥有更多的出口总额？结果表明,在出口第一年,跟随者出口总额明显高于开拓者,而且这种差异主要源于出口数量,而非价格水平;而基于产品种类的分组检验虽发现在制成品中跟随者的出口总额并不显著高于开拓者,但其在出口数量上的差异同样证实了跟随者受益于开拓者的事实。

Using the matched data of China's Customs Database and Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database during 2000-2009,this paper firstly takes the pioneers and followers in new portfolio exporting as subjects and testifies whether the followers are benefited from the pioneers'spillover in two aspects:one is'Are there more followers if the pioneers are successful exporters?'The results indicate the number of followers is increasing with the years of pioneers'exporting after controlling exporting time.Furthermore,based on the group inspection of products,we find the spillover effects is smaller in manufactured goods;the other is'Do followers have more export volumes than pioneers?'The results indicate the followers indeed have more volumes than pioneers and the difference comes from the quantity,not the price,and the results based on group inspection find followers in manufactured goods do not have obviously more volumes than pioneers,but the difference in quantity further verifies that the followers are indeed benefited from the pioneers.