职业紧张和社会支持与油田作业人员健康相关行为的关系

Association of Occupational Stress and Social Support with Health-Related Behaviors among Oilfield Workers

[目的]探讨职业紧张和社会支持对吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼三种健康相关行为的影响。[方法]以横断面研究方法对1 473名油田作业人员进行问卷调查。采用职业紧张量表修订版、社会支持评定量表和行为危险因素调查问卷分别测试油田作业人员的职业紧张、社会支持和健康相关行为。利用两分类logistic回归分析职业紧张、社会支持对健康相关行为的影响。[结果]回收有效问卷1 425份,有效回收率为96.7%。调查对象年龄为（37.69±7.68）岁;男性占48.6%,女性占51.4%;汉族占77.0%,少数民族（维、哈、回族等）占23.0%。吸烟、饮酒、规律锻炼的比例分别为37.3%、48.3%、45.8%。心理紧张反应为饮酒行为的危险因素（OR=1.806,95%CI：1.159～2.816）。主观支持是油田作业人员吸烟（OR=0.275,95%CI：0.215～0.352）、饮酒（OR=0.627,95%CI：0.475～0.827）和缺乏锻炼（OR=0.701,95%CI：0.499～0.986）的保护因素。[结论]职业紧张因素与油田作业人群的饮酒行为相关,社会支持因素与该人群形成良好的健康相关行为有关。

[ Objective ] To assess the effects of occupational stress and social support on health-related behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity among oilfield workers. [ Methods ] A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 473 oilfield workers. Occupational stress, social support, and health-related behaviors were measured by Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition, Social Support Scale, and Behavioral Risk Factors Questionnaire, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of occupational stress and social support on health-related behaviors. [ Results ] A total of 1 425 valid questionnaires were returned, and the valid return rate of questionnaires was 96.7%. The mean age of participated workers was （37.69 ＋ 7.68） years. Male and female accounted for 48.6% and 51.4%, respectively. Han ethnic group accounted for 77.0% and minority （Uyghur, Kazak, Hui, etc.） accounted for 23.0%. The proportions of oilfield workers who reported smoking, drinking, and regular physical exercises were 37.3%, 48.3%, and 45.8%, respectively. Psychological strain was a risk factor of drinking behavior （OR=1.806, 95%CI： 1.159-2.816）. Subjective support was a protective factor of smoking （0R=0.275, 95%CI： 0.215-0.352）, drinking （OR=0.627, 95%CI： 0.475-0.827）, and physical inactivity （OR=0.701, 95%CI： 0.499-0.986）. [ Conclusion ] Occupational stress is associated with drinking behaviors, while social support is associated with the formation of good health- related behaviors among the oilfield workers.