同类婚还是异质婚?——当前中国婚姻匹配模式的分析

Homogamy or Heterogamy?——An Analysis of Assortative Mating Pattern in China

利用上海大学社会学院2012年进行的"社会发展与社会建设调查"全国抽样数据,从年龄、教育水平、收入、社会阶层、户口和政治身份等六个方面,对当前中国社会的婚姻匹配模式进行了研究。同类婚现象仍然是社会的主流,超过半数的样本是在教育、社会阶层地位或收入相当的群体中找到配偶的,超过9成的样本是在相同的户口群体中找到配偶的,社会流动性并不像现代化理论预测的那么乐观;数据分析也证实了女性向上攀附梯度婚姻的普遍存在,说明当前中国婚姻市场仍是一个由男性主导的、男高女低的社会领域。

This article uses a national representative samplefrom＂social development and social construction＂,a survey conducted by School of Sociology and Political Science,Shanghai University in 2012 and explores the pattern of assortative mating in current Chinese society,taking into account of such variables as respondent’s age,education,income,social class,household registration,and party identity. Results show that homogamy remains the dominanttrend in the marriage market. More than half of the respondents find their spouses in the sameeducational,social class or income group,and more than 90% respondents find their spouses in the same household registration group. The social mobility of today’s Chinese society does not developin a so optimistic direction as the modernization theory predicts. Our data analysis also proves that the practice of females marrying up is widespread,which illustrates that we still have a gender-biased and male-dominatedmarriage market in China.