西安市农村居民饮水卫生及地氟病防治知识调查

Investigation on knowledge about drinking water health and endemic fluorosis prevention among rural residents in Xi'an City

目的 了解西安市农村居民对饮水卫生、地方性饮水型氟中毒（地氟病）防治知识的认知状况,为有关部门科学管理农村饮用水安全、实施饮水防病健康教育干预提供理论依据.方法 根据相关标准检测调查点饮水中氟含量,调查居民患氟斑牙情况.采用等距随机抽样方法,随机抽取病区组714人及对照组426人采用入户问卷调查的方式,调查居民饮用水的卫生情况及其对地方性氟中毒防治知识的知晓情况.结果 氟病区水样的水氟含量在0.2～2.7 mg/L,合格率为70％;对照组水样的水氟含量在0.1～0.81 mg/L,合格率为100％.病区组及对照组居民分别有30.39％和32.39％的人回答知道介水传染病,仅有32.49％和31.92％回答知道地氟病.病区组与对照组在回答饮水卫生相关知识条目时,其中“平时是否饮用开水（91.74％、97.18％）、盛水容器是否定期清洗（66.67％、78.17％）、生活饮用水是否应该消毒（67.51％、76.76％）、介水传染病的主要原因（36.13％、46.71％）、发生饮水污染事件应该上报的部门（34.03％、41.31％）”等知识条目正确应答率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;地氟病相关知识条目中的“流行地氟病的原因（87.07％、75.00％）、地氟病的主要危害（79.22％、64.71％）、地氟病的预防措施（79.74％、69.85％）”等知识条目应答率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 农村居民对饮水卫生、地氟病的了解不足,今后健康教育工作开展要突出重点.

[Objective]To understand the cognitive status of knowledge about drinking water health and endemic fluorosis prevention among rural residents in Xi＇an City, provide theoretical basis for relevant departments to manage the rural drinking water and implement the health education intervention.[nethods]The fluoride content in drinking water was detected according to the related criteria, while the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in local residents was investigated. 714 residents in endemic fluorosis area and 426 controls were randomly collected by the isometric random sampling method. The household questionnaire survey was used to survey the sanitary situation of drinking water and the awareness rate of knowledge about endemic fluorosis prevention.[Results]The fluoride contents in drinking water of endemic fluorosis were between 0.2 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L, with the qualified rate of 70%, while the fluoride contents in drinking water of control group were between 0.1 mg/L and 0.81 mg/L, with the qualified rate of 100%. Residents knew the water-borne disease accounted for 30.39% and 32.39% in endemic fluorosis area group and control group respectively, and only 32.49% and 31.92% knew endemic fluorosis in two groups respectively. Among the questions of drinking water health, there were significant differences in the correct answer rate of drinking boiled water （91.74% and 97.18%）, regular cleaning of water containers （66.67% and 78.17%）, drinking water disinfection （67.51% and 76.76%）, main reasons for the water-borne infectious diseases （36.13% and 46.71%） and management department of drinking water pollution events （34.03% and 41.31% ） between endemic fluorosis area group and control group （P〈0.05）. AS for the questions of endemic fluorosis prevention, there were significant differences in the correct answer rate of main reasons of endemic fluorosis （87.07% and 75.00% ）, main harms of endemic fluorosis （79.22% and 64.71% ） and main prevention measures of endemic fluorosis （79.74% and 69.85% ） between two groups （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]The cognitive status of knowledge about drinking water health and endemic fluorosis prevention among rural residents in Xi＇an City is not satisfactory, and the health education should focus on the key points in the future.