澳大利亚职业安全卫生法中可强制执行的承诺制度研究

Study of the Enforceable Commitment System of Occupation Safety and Health Law in Australia

可强制执行的承诺制度最早出现于澳大利亚《贸易实践法1974(Cth)》中,因职业安全卫生问题在发生时间、空间、所涉劳资双方利益关系以及行业共性上所表现出的特性与可强制执行制度的功能表现出较大的贴合性,澳大利亚职业安全卫生立法吸收了这项制度。该制度的适用有严格的条件,必须同时符合劳方、资方、相关行业及社区的利益。与职业安全卫生执法中传统的"威慑"及"劝说"执法方式相比,该制度具有较大的灵活性,更为关注违法企业安全保障能力的提高及对未来事故的预防,是传统执法方式的替代性方法。这项制度对于我国安全执法方法的改革具有一定的借鉴价值。

The enforceable commitment system first appeared in Trade Practice Law 1974（Cth） in Australia. Because the characteristics of occupational safety and health problems have great conformability with the function of compulsory execu- tion system, Australia＇ legislation of Occupation Safety and Health（OHS） absorbed that system. The application of the system has strict conditions and it must conform to the interest of employees, employers, related industries and communi- ties. Compared with the traditional enforcement measures ＂Deterrence＂ and ＂Persuasion＂ of OHS, the compulsory execu- tion system is more flexible. It pays more attention to the improvement of illegal enterprises＇ security capability and the prevention of future accidents, so it is an alternative method of traditional enforcement measures. In addition, this system has great reference value for the reformation of China＇ s safety law enforcement.