四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩裂缝孔隙定量表征

Quantitative characterization of fractures and pores in shale beds of the Lower Silurian,Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin

裂缝和孔隙是致密储层重要的储渗空间,对其识别、描述和定量评价也是页岩气储层评价的重点和难点。为此,以四川盆地涪陵气田和长宁气区钻井资料为基础,通过建立双孔隙介质孔隙度解释模型,对该区下志留统龙马溪组（含上奥陶统五峰组）富有机质页岩段的裂缝孔隙进行了定量评价,并得到以下认识：1应用双孔隙介质模型开展页岩裂缝孔隙度解释,是实现页岩储层裂缝孔隙定量评价的有效办法,也是对海相页岩储集空间定量表征技术的丰富和发展;2该区主力产层基质孔隙体积及其构成区域分布稳定,基质孔隙度总体保持在4.6%-5.4%;3裂缝孔隙发育特征在不同构造区、同一构造的不同井区和不同层段差异较大,显示出页岩储渗条件具有很强的非均质性。根据裂缝孔隙定量表征结果判断,四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组发育基质孔隙＋裂缝型和基质孔隙型这两种类型的页岩气藏：前者主要发育于特殊构造背景区,具有裂缝孔隙发育、含气量大、游离气含量高、产层厚、单井产量高等特点,在该盆地的分布范围可能相对局限;而后者具有基质孔隙度较高、裂缝孔隙不发育、单井产量中高等特征,预计其在该盆地海相页岩气分布区占据主导地位。

Fractures and pores are important storage and percolation spaces in tight reservoirs, and their identification, characteriza- tion and quantitative evaluation are the key aspects and difficulties in shale gas reservoir evaluation. In view of this, quantitative eval- uation was performed on the fracture porosity of organic-rich shale intervals of Longmaxi Formation, Lower Silurian, Sichuan Basin （Wufeng Formation, Upper Ordovician included）, after a dual-porosity medium porosity interpretation model was built on the basis of drilling data of Fuling Gasfield and Changning gas block in the Sichuan Basin. And then, the following conclusions are reached. First, shale fracture porosity interpretation by using dual-porosity medium model is the effective method to evaluate quantitatively the fracture porosity of shale reservoirs, and the development of quantitative characterization techniques of marine shale reservoir spaces. Second, the matrix pore volume of the principal pay zones in this area and its constitution regions are stably distributed with matrix porosity generally in the range of 4.6 % - 5.4%. And third, the development characteristics of fracture porosity vary largely in different tectonic regions and in different well blocks and intervals even in the same tectonic region, presenting strong heterogenei ty in terms of shale reservoir storage and percolation properties. It is indicated by quantitative characterization of fractures and pores that there are two types of shale gas reservoirs in Wufeng Formation - Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin, including matrix porosity fracture type and matrix porosity type. The former are mainly developed in the areas with special structure settings and they are characterized by developed fracture pores, high gas content, high free gas content, thick pay zones and high single-well production rate. And in the Sichuan Basin, its distribution is possibly in a restricted range. The latter are characterized by high matrix porosity, undeveloped fracture porosity and medium-high single-well production rate. And it is predicted that marine shale gas is predominant in this basin.