页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策

Research of and countermeasure for wellbore integrity of shale gas horizontal well

在四川盆地西南部长宁—威远国家级页岩气示范区,部分页岩气井井筒完整性出现了一些问题,直接影响了页岩气水平井单井产量的提高。为此,在统计分析该区页岩气水平井出现的套管损坏、套管下入困难、水泥环密封性难保证等井筒完整性问题的基础上,建立了多因素耦合套管应力计算评价模型,研究了温度效应、套管弯曲、轴向压力等多因素耦合对套管损坏的影响机理;利用自主莫尔—库伦准则,分析了页岩层滑移机理及与套管剪切变形的关系;利用自主开发的下套管钩载预测及摩阻分析软件,对影响套管摩阻的主控因素进行了反演分析。最后,针对页岩气水平井的特点,以提高钻井质量(DQ)为核心,从设计、施工工艺等方面提出了井筒完整性控制对策:①修订页岩气井套管设计计算方法和校核标准;②优化井身结构和全井眼轨迹设计;③提高钻井质量;④优化水泥石性能并校核压裂过程中水泥石的密封完整性等。该研究成果对于指导未来页岩气井井筒完整性设计和管理具有重要意义。

In the Changning-Weiyuan national shale gas demonstration area, southwestern Sicbuan Basin, the wellbore integrity dam- age occurs in some shale gas wells and has direct effect on the gas production rate of single shale gas horizontal well. After statistics analysis was performed on the problems related with wellbore integrity, such as casing damage, casing running difficulty and cement sheath blow-by, the multi-factor coupling casing stress calculation and evaluation model was established. Then study was conducted on the influential mechanism of multi-factor coupling （temperature effect, casing bending and axial pressure） on casing damage. The shale slip mechanism and its relationship with casing shear deformation were analyzed by using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Inver- sion analysis was performed on the main controlling factors of casing friction by using the developed casing hook load prediction and friction analysis software. And finally, based on the characteristics of shale gas horizontal wells, wellbore integrity control measures were proposed in terms of design and construction process, so as to improve the drilling quality （DQ）. More specifically, shale gas well casing design calculation method and check standard were modified, well structure and full borehole trajectory design were opti- mized, drilling quality was improved, cement properties were optimized and cement sealing integrity during fracturing process was checked. These research findings are significant in the design and management of future shale gas borehole integrity.