超临界流体技术制备聚合物开孔发泡材料的研究进展

Review on the Progress of Open-cell Polymeric Foams

开孔发泡材料以其独特三维骨架形态广泛应用于吸音材料、生物医药材料、光学材料和过滤薄膜材料等领域。超临界流体(scCO2、scN2)具有溶解度大、无毒环保、价格低廉和临界点易于达到等诸多优点,作为一种绿色物理发泡剂在制备开孔发泡材料领域有巨大的潜力,利用超临界流体微孔发泡制备开孔发泡材料也成为当前的研究热点。综述了利用超临界流体技术制备开孔发泡材料的最新国内外研究进展,阐述了开孔发泡的机理、制备方法以及其应用领域,最后对目前利用超临界流体微孔发泡制备开孔材料存在的问题进行分析和展望。

Open-cell foams are widely used in the fields of sound-absorbing, biomedicine, optics, filtration membrane, etc. , for their unique 3D skeleton form. As a physical blowing agent, supercritical fluid has enormous potential in the field of green foam opening preparation as the result of its advantages of good solubility, friendly environ- ment, low cost, and easy access to critical points. The latest research progress of preparing the open-cell foams using the supercritical fluid foaming theory, and the mechanism, preparation and its applications are summarized.