预流的学问:重返学术史看陈寅恪的意义

The Academics of Srotāpanna:Reconsidering the Significance of Chen Yinke in the Context of Academic History

关于陈寅恪先生的学术史意义,只有置之于20世纪上半叶中国学术转型,以及当时的国际学术特别是东洋与西洋"东方学"("东洋学")及"中国学"的大趋势中,才能够得到深入理解。晚清民初即陈寅恪先生进入学术世界前后,中国学术尤其是历史学领域,出现了"历史缩短"、"空间放大"、"史料增多"的新趋势,现代中国学术正是在这样的趋势中,同时在西洋与东洋的"东方学"("东洋学")或"中国学"的刺激下,才出现了巨大变化。陈寅恪与他的学术同行,不仅在学术上能够"预流",即在重大历史问题上与国际学界进行对话与竞争,同时也站在"中国"与"世界"之间,促使20世纪上半叶的中国学术界尤其是历史学界重视新问题、发掘新资料、探索新领域,突破传统汉族中国历史空间,呈现出中学与西学汇通的新取向。

The significance of Chen Yinke in academic history can only be understood in the transition of Chinese academics in the first half of the twentieth century,and in the context of current international academics,especially oriental studies and sinology in the East and the West.From the 1900 s to the 1920 s,around the time Chen began his academic career,there emerged a new tendency of 'shortening history,' 'enlarging space,' and 'increasing materials' in Chinese academics,especially the field of historiography.This new trend along with the rising popularity of traditional sinology in the East and West caused a great change in the landscape of Chinese academia.Chen and his peers entered the academic mainstream,i.e.started conversations and even debates with international scholars on major historical issues;at the same time,they stood at the forefront of China,facing the world,impelling Chinese academia,especially historians in the first half of the twentieth century,to attach importance to new problems,to excavate new materials,to explore new fields,and break through the traditional,historical space of Han China,thus initiated a new approach of integrating Chinese and Western learning.