城墙修筑与隋唐五代江南城市的发展

The Building of City Wall and the Development of Cities in the Regions South of the Yangtze River in the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties

隋唐五代江南城市发展的一个重要标志,就是城墙的修筑。隋朝灭陈后,江南一些城市新筑了城墙。不过由于没有重要的战事,并没有出现大规模修筑城池的景象。唐朝建立后,江南地区对修造城墙渐渐重视。湖州及一些县城根据本地的实际情况,新修、增筑了城垣。安史之乱后,江南地区时有动乱出现,一些城市继续兴筑、扩修了城垣。唐末五代,社会动荡不定,大量城墙或新筑或加固,江南出现了一轮修造城墙的高潮。随着战事的变化,有的城市多次对城墙加高加厚,增强城墙的防御功能。江南州级以上的城市,一般均有内外两重城墙,城墙下宽上窄,环以护城河。除少部分山区县城之外,大多数的县城至唐末都修筑了城墙。江南城墙的修筑是一个渐进的过程,它既是隋唐五代时期江南城市发展的结果,更是江南城市加快发展步伐的一个重要推动力。

The building of city wall was an important symbol of the development of cities in the regions south of the Yangtze River(Jiangnan) in the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties.After Sui unified the country,some of the cities in the Jiangnan area rebuilt their city walls.But there did not emerge a scene of large-scale building of city walls since no important wars occurred.In the Tang Dynasty,the building of city walls gradually became more important.Huzhou and some other counties built city walls based on their specific political and military needs.After the An-Shi Disturbances,revolts happened occasionally in this area,so many cities continued to build or extend their city walls.In the Tang and Five Dynasties,an upsurge of city wall building occurred due to the social unrest.With the change of military affairs,some cities heightened and thickened the city walls repeatedly to enhance its defensive abilities.In the cities above the level of prefecture in the Jiangnan area,there were usually inner and outer walls with wide bottoms and narrow tops,as well as city moats.Most counties had built city walls by the late Tang Dynasty,except a few ones in the mountain areas.The building of city walls in this area was a gradual process,which was both the result of development of cities in the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties,and an important impetus for the cities accelerating progress.