“经方”涵义考释

Textual Research of Connotation of “Classical Prescription”

"经方"是中医学的重要概念,然而关于其涵义演变却不够清晰而多有争议。以历史顺序为经,以各期经史及中医典籍为纬,考释其涵义及历史演变之轨迹。"经方"最早见于《汉书·艺文志》,在汉代至唐代这一历史阶段泛指方书、效验方;"经方"之涵义在北宋时期开始发生演变,广义仍为泛指方书及效验方,狭义特指书名或仲景方,此为历史转折时期,仍以广义用法为主然而已经出现狭义用法的萌芽;北宋至明代这一时期"经方"仍是两义并存,直至清代徐大椿其狭义用法始得确立并历民国而沿用至今。

＂classical prescription＂ （经方） is an important concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）. It is always a controversial issue as its connotation and evolution is not clear. This article takes historical context as longitude, ancient history and TCM books and records as latitude, so that makes textual research on its connotation and evolution. Classical prescription was first found in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi, which referred to medical formulary and effective prescriptions from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty in general. Its connotation developed in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was a period of historical turn. Broadly, it still referred to medical formulary and effective prescriptions in general; but narrowly, it referred in particular to books name or Zhang Zhongjing＇s prescriptions. Broad usage was mainly adopted, while narrow usage emerged. From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, broad and narrow usage was co-existed. Xu Dachun established the narrow usage in the Qing Dynasty, and this usage remains ever since.