环境规制条件下我国规模化生猪生产效率的测度与分析——兼论生猪养殖的适度规模经营

Assessment and analysis of scale hog production efficiency in China under the constraint of environmental regulations and the discussion of the moderate scale management of hog production

传统的生猪生产效率测算很少统筹考虑环境保护与生猪养殖业发展的双重需要。本文采用基于方向性距离函数的Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数法,将规模化生猪的"非期望"产出纳入生产效率研究框架,对2006-2013年环境规制下我国规模化生猪的生产效率进行实证分析,研究表明:1)环境规制条件下我国规模化生猪生产率呈现一定幅度的增长,表现出"波动性"增长的时序趋势特征和"差异化"增长的区域分布特征;2)不同养殖模式下均有一定数量的环境技术"创新者"出现,成为生猪养殖技术创新和推广的主要力量,而且越大的养殖规模对技术进步的推动作用越显著;3)考虑环境规制条件的规模化生猪生产率近年来受国家环保政策法令的影响不降反升,取得一定的"波特双赢"效果;4)各产区生猪生产效率和最优养殖规模均存在一定差异,需视自身资源、环境和经济等发展条件,选择适度的经营规模推动生猪生产效率提升。

In previousstudies,the dualneedsofenvironm entalprotection and the developm entofhog breeding industry areseldom consideredtogether.ApplyingtheM almquist-Luenbergerproductivityindexmethod,thispaperanalyzedthe scale hog production efficiency in C hina under the constraint of environm ental regulations in C hina from 2006 to 2013 and discussed the m oderate scale m anagem ent of hog production. R esults show that：1） W ith the environm ental regulations,the scale hog production efficiency in C hina displayed a m oderate grow th trend w ith som e fluctuations and regionaldifferences;2）There are som e environm entaltechnology innovators em erging am ong differentscales and those innovators becam e the m ain force for the innovation and developm ent of the hog breeding technology. In addition, the larger the breeding scale is, the m ore obvious the prom otional effect they have on technological progress;3） T he scale hog production efficiency under environm ental regulations do not“fall”but“rise”, w hich is influenced by the environm ental protection law s, show ing a “Porter w in-w in”outcom e;4） A s different regions have differences in production efficiency and optim al breeding scale, they should select m oderate scales according to local situation of resource,environm entand econom y to im prove hog production efficiency.