陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区聚落分布及形成机制研究——以延安市安塞县为例

Distribution and formation mechanism of settlements in hilly and gully regions of Loess Plateau in North Shaanxi: A case study in Ansai County

以延安市安塞县为例,利用GIS空间分析方法和相关统计方法对安塞县土地利用景观结构特征、聚落空间分布特征与规律进行量化分析,并对陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区聚落空间分布的形成机制和影响因素进行探讨。结果表明:林地、草地与耕地是安塞县土地利用的主要景观类型,聚落景观仅占总面积的0.92%,聚落斑块较小且连通性较差,形状较为规整;聚落空间分布密度最高的区域位于该县海拔较低,地势平缓的中东部沟谷地区;聚落斑块面积随高程、坡度和坡向变化呈偏正态或正态分布,呈现明显的空间集聚特征;聚落空间分布受自然条件限制沿河流与道路集聚分布的趋势明显。

T his study applied spatial analysis and statistical m ethods to analyze settlem ents structure properties, spatial distribution and im pacting factors for A nsai, Y an’an, a county in hilly and gully regions of Loess Plateau. R esults show ed thatthe forest,grassland and arable land are the m ain land use types in A nsaiC ounty.Settlem entpatches w ere sm all;they w ere accounted for only 0.92% of the total area. A lthough the shapes of them w ere regular, there w as poor connectivity betw een settlem ent patches due to the fragm entation of the landscape. Spatially, the largest settlem ent distribution density w ere found in the eastern valley area of the county, w here the elevation is low er and the terrain is m ore flat. W ith the patch area elevation, slope and aspect changing, the settlem ent areas show ed skew ed norm al or norm al distribution, illustrating obvious spatial agglom eration characteristic. In addition, the settlem ents are generally distributed along rivers and roads.