铲筛激振式马铃薯挖掘机的设计与研究

Design and research on vibrating potato digger with shovel and sieve

针对我国丘陵山地作业大型机械不适宜、小型手扶类拖拉机动力不足的问题,以减阻和提高土薯分离效率为目标,设计了一种铲筛激振式马铃薯挖掘机。该机将挖掘铲后端设计成栅格状,分离筛各齿条倾角由内向外增大,增加了土薯分离面积;采用铰链四杆式摆动机构和组合式偏心轮,可实现挖掘铲倾角和振幅调整。田间试验表明,该机土薯分离效果良好,明薯率为96.2%,挖净率为97.8%,伤薯率低于3.9%;在前进速度为0.34 m/s情况下,无振动时的平均牵引阻力为1 498 N,而频率为14 Hz,振幅为4 mm和8 mm时的平均牵引阻力分别为1 204 N和995 N。研究表明,振动挖掘可以降低牵引阻力,提高土薯分离效率,所设计的挖掘机性能指标均满足作业要求。

In order to solve the problem s of no adaptive m achine type and shortage of pow er w ith a sm all hand tractor whenpotatodiggerworkinginhillyandmountainousareainChina,avibratingpotatodiggerwithshovelandsievewas designed,whichcanreduceresistanceandimprovetheefficiencyofseparation.Therearofdiggingshovelwasdesigned grid-shaped,the inclination angle of separating sieve rack increases from the inside to the outside to enlarge its w orking area.Thevibrationamplitudeandanglesofdiggingshovelcanbeadjustedwithhingefour-rodswingingmechanism and com bined eccentric w heel. Field test results show ed that the digger has w ell separation effect, the obvious rate w as 96.2% , the cleaning rate w as 97.8% and the dam age rate w as less than 3.9% . W ith the forw ard speed is 0.34 m/s, the average traction resistance is 1 498 N w hen no vibration,how ever,the average traction resistance are 1 204 N and 995 N w hen the am plitude are 4 m m and 8 m m respectively, and the frequency is 14 H z. T he results indicated that vibrating shovel can reduce traction resistance and im prove separation efficiency, all the perform ance indexes of the designed diggerm eetthe operation requirem ents.