韩国生物多样性管理协议制度的绩效分析

Economic Evaluation on the Biodiversity Management Contract Scheme

基于韩国瑞山市、舒川郡、洪城郡等三个市郡自治区公务员或协议会长调研数据,实证分析了对生物多样性管理契约的认知和政策效果。研究表明,关于生物多样管理契约的认识乐观回答较多,生物多样性管理契约制度对保护候鸟栖息地、提高农民收入、实现环境净化等有积极作用,按细致类别签订协议,储存稻草效果最明显。并且可以判断现实行的生物多样性管理契约制度并不脱离当年所计划的目标进行。韩国保护生物多样性新制度的政策效果,对中国城市化时期相关环境制度有借鉴意义。

The Biodiversity Management Contract Scheme （BMCS） was designed for conserving and enhancing biodiversity and protecting winter birds＇ habitats in Korea. It has been serving as a payment for ecological services since the year 2002. BMCS has included rice harvesting, winter barley sowing, winter paddy irrigation and rice straw supply practices. The environment-friendly farming practice was not included, in contrast to its recommenda- tion by feasibility study. Although BMCS was effective for supply winter birds＇ feed, it had policy design limitation for increasing biodiversity and enhancing ecological service of agriculture. The policy effective survey results for stakeholders and administration stuffs had a positive outcome. The affirmative rate had a range between -5 and ＋5. Rice straw supply practice had the highest rate of 4.13, followed by Winter irrigation practice, winter sowing barley practice and partial rice harvesting practice, which were rated 3.83,2.83 and 2.13, respectively. The first rate of farm income increasing effects was winter irrigation practice, which was 2.58, followed by winter sowing barley practice, straw supply practice and partial rice harvesting practice, 1.88, 1.75 and 1.71, respectively. The first rate of Environ- mental Justice Realization was rice straw supply practice 3.71, followed by winter irrigation practice, winter sowing barley practice and partial rice harvesting practice, which were 3.04, 2.75, and 1.88, respectively.