清前期烟瘴对广西土司区汉官选派的影响

The Influence of Yanzhang(烟瘴) on Selection and Appointment of Han-ethnic Officials to Chieftain Region of Guangxi Province during the Early Qing Period

古人所云之烟瘴是以疟疾为主的热带疾病的统称,又名瘴、瘴疠、瘴气、瘴疟、炎瘴等,是清代广西地区影响最大、危害最深的疾病。从内地到广西土司区任职的官员常常染瘴而亡,为稳定广西土司区汉族官员队伍,清廷在官员的任职年限、选拔形式、考核程序等方面采用比较灵活的政策,确保了在广西边地的统治。

Yanzhang was a general name called by ancient people for diseases in tropical region mainly caused by malaria.It was also called Zhang(瘴),Zhangli(瘴疠),Zhangqi(瘴气),Zhangnue(瘴疟),Yanzhang(炎瘴).And it was the most influential and dangerous disease in Guangxi region.Many officials appointed to Guangxi chieftain region from central region of China were caused to death by this disease.To pacify the Han-ethnic officials who were appointed to Guangxi chieftain region,Qing court adopted a flexible policy in tenure of office,candidate selection formula and examination procedure,to insure its rule in Guangxi frontier.