战后70年日本国家战略的发展演变

The Evolution of Japanese National Strategy in the Seventy Years of the Post-war Era

1945年日本战败,宣告了其"军事立国"国家战略的破产。1947年《日本国宪法》施行,1951年《旧金山和约》、《日美安全条约》签署,标志着战后日本"经济中心"导向型国家战略体系逐步确立。战后70年日本国家战略的发展演变经历了三大历史阶段:战败投降至20世纪70年代的"经济中心"导向型战略阶段,20世纪80年代至90年代中期的酝酿转型与新目标确立阶段,20世纪90年代中期直至目前的"大国化"目标导向型战略阶段。这一发展演变过程的内在逻辑,在于自身条件与外部环境变化之间的相互作用,引发日本核心利益界定的变化、战略目标的调整以及路径选择的改变。纵观70年来日本国家战略的发展演变,追求"大国化"的历史基因一以贯之,从未消退,这促使我们就日本未来走向作持续深入的思考与探析。

The defeat in WWII in 1945 marked the failure of Japanese former national strategy based on total militarism. The system of a newly emerged national strategy, characterized with economic development orientation, was initially built in Japan with the enactment of Japanese Constitution in 1947 and the signing of Treaty of San Francisco and Japan -45. S. Security Treaty in 1951. The Japanese national strategy in the post - war era has undergone three major historical stages. The first is from the end of WWII to the end of 1970s, characterized with the building - up of a national strategy with economic development orientation, the second is 1980s and the first half of 1990s, characterized with strategic transition and the setting - up of new goals. The third is from the second half of 1990s until now, characterized with the strategic pursuit of a political and military power. The evolution of Japanese national strategy is based on the changes of Japanese domestic politics and its external environment, leading to the changes of Japanese way of defining core national interest, strategic goals and approaches. Throughout the process, Japanese pursuit of becoming a political and military power seems to be a consistent constituent of the national strategy, which has inspired our further reflection on Japanese development in the future.