中国发达城市的劳动力供给研究——以上海市为例

A Labor Supply Research of Developed Cities in China——A Case Study of Shanghai

利用上海市第六次人口普查资料,从人口年龄结构变化、教育程度、城乡差别等方面,探讨上海市为代表的中国发达城市的劳动力供给状况,劳动年龄人口退出劳动力市场和失业的原因。结果得出,由于大量务工人员的流入,常住人口年龄有所优化,但户籍人口老龄化程度严重;教育对于劳动参与率尤其是女性的劳动参与率提高作用很大;城乡之间劳动力供给具有明显差异,未来城市的劳动力市场形势将更为严峻;老龄人口教育程度和劳动能力低,往往被劳动力市场"遗弃"。

With the sixth Shanghai population census data, from changes in the age structure, education, urban- rural difference and so on, the paper explores Shanghai labor supply situation and the reasons for working-age population withdraw from the labor market and unemployment. The results show that the degree of ageing of the registered population is serious, and age of permanent population is optimized because of migrant workers, and education significantly improves labor force participation especially for women, and labor supply has obvious differences between urban and rural areas, city＇ s future labor market situation will get more serious, and ageing population of low degree of education, labor ability tends to be abandoned by the labor market.