明清时期徽州佛道教生存环境透视

A Study of Survival Environment of Buddhism and Taoism in Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清时期,理学在徽州地区倍受推崇,佛道等宗教信仰被忠实的理学信仰者视为异端,故有徽州不尚佛老之教的结论。然而,据明清时期的方志等资料记载,徽州虽为理学重镇,但僧道信仰并未因之而禁绝。徽州地区独特的自然地理环境及其丰富的物产为佛道教提供了基本的生存资源,而在儒、释、道融合的文化背景下,该区广大的信仰人群、丧葬、祈愿等因素为佛道教生存提供了客观的人文环境。基于该区独特的自然环境和人文环境,在明清时期的徽州地区,佛道教拥有了一个完整的生存系统。

In Ming and Qing dynasty, Neo-Confucianism was highly respected in Huizhou area while Buddhism and Taoism were regarded as heresies by Neo-Confucianism believers. According to the local chronicles in Ming and Qing dynasty, Huizhou is a place of Neo-Confucianism but Buddhism and Taoism belief are not banned. The unique natural environment and abundant materials provides survival resources for Buddhism and Taoism. In the context of integration of Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism, the elements including the believers, funerals and supplication provide objective cultural environment for Buddhism and Taoism. Based on the unique natural and humanistic environment, Buddhism and Taoism have a complete survival system in Ming and Qing dynasty.