海洋争端解决中的强制性仲裁制度——兼论中国在南海仲裁事件中的策略选择

Mandatory Arbitration Mechanism for Settlement of Maritime Dispute——Discussion on Strategy Selection by China in Case of Arbitration on the South China Sea

《联合国海洋法公约》对于国际海洋争端规定了一种特殊的强制仲裁程序,无须当事各国的共同同意就可以行使管辖权,以便更迅速合理地解决海洋争端。这种强制仲裁程序显然不符合仲裁的协议性和自治性本质,也不符合国际司法强制管辖的任择性基础。菲律宾不顾中国的强烈反对而向国际海洋法法庭提起的强制仲裁程序,目前似乎已经进入了不受中菲两国控制的进程之中,对于中国而言将具有潜在的不利后果。为此,中国需要在五个方面做出积极而合理的策略选择,即菲律宾诉求的合法性考察、国际法规则的合理利用、相关证据的收集和公布、南海主权状况的世界阐明以及对特别出庭的可行性进行科学和严密的论证,从而最大程度地保护我国的国家利益。

A special mandatory arbitration which declares that the arbitral tribunal can exercise jurisdiction without the common consent of the parties is stipulated in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to settle maritime disputes rapidly and reasonably. This arbitration is obviously not consistent with the nature of the arbitration, which is agreement and autonomy, or the optional basis of international judicial jurisdiction. Regardless of strong object from China, the Philippines files the dispute about the South China Sea to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in order to initial mandatory arbitration procedure, which is in the process of without control for China or the Philippines at present. The reasonable strategy selection of five aspects, therefore, must be chosen by China, which include investigation on validity of claims from the Philippines, rational use of the international laws and rules, collection and publication of relative evidences, clarification in the whole world about sovereignty situation of the South China Sea, and scientific and rigorous demonstration on feasibility of special appearance in court, in order to protect properly the national interest of China.