馆藏剥制动物标本害虫防治法的研究进展

A review of methods for prevention and treatment of pests on taxidermies in museums

剥制动物标本作为自然博物馆的重要藏品,具有极高的收藏、研究和展览价值,但因其本身富含有机质,极易遭受害虫的损害。传统有毒化学药品消杀法是博物馆防治害虫的重要方法,该法在将数以万计的剥制动物标本成功保存下来的同时也给人类健康和自然环境带来了严重的危害。科学家一直在探寻各种新型的动物标本害虫防治方法,希望在防治虫害和保护人类健康及自然环境之间找到最佳的平衡点。国内博物馆收藏有数量庞大的剥制动物标本,但相应的害虫防治技术研究却相对滞后并严重阻碍了博物馆行业的健康发展。在综合国内外现有相关文献的基础上,对剥制动物标本制作工艺、虫害及防治方法的研究进展综述,以期为我国博物馆工作提供参考资料。

Taxidermies, an important component of natural history museums collections, having high value for research and exhibition, are prone to be attacked by different pests because of the abundant amounts organic matter in them. The use of toxic chemicals to protect taxidermies against damage by pests has led to great environmental damage, as well as public health concerns. A number of novel methods for the prevention and treatment of pests have been studied in order to find the alternative and environment- friendly methods. Although a great number of taxidermies are stored in natural history museums in China, studies for the controlling and eradicating pests have lagged behind, hindering the development of museums in China. This review summarizes up - to - date pest control methods and comprehensively analyzes information regarding both the processes for making taxidermies and the damage caused by pests, providing reference material for museum work.