多舱段载人航天器氧分压控制仿真分析

Simulation analysis on oxygen partial pressure control of multi-cabin manned spacecraft

为确保乘员安全性,载人航天器需通过氧分压控制系统将密封舱内的氧分压控制在指标范围内.提出了一种两舱段载人航天器密封舱氧分压控制系统数学模型,包括密封舱体、乘员、供氧组件、舱间通风(IMV)等多个子模块.通过与相关试验数据进行对比,证明了数学模型的准确性.针对由两个容积为60 m3密封舱组成的组合体,利用该模型分析了乘员驻留位置、舱间通风量、氧分压监测模式对两舱氧分压的影响.结果表明:当舱间通风量为0.5 m3/min且6人驻留在氧分压非主控舱时,两舱氧分压上限差别达到2.2 k Pa.两舱氧分压差别会随着舱间通风量的增加而减小.单舱监测模式和两舱监测模式对两舱氧分压影响并不显著,当舱间通风量超过1.5 m3/min时,两种控制模式的氧分压控制效果趋于一致.

In order to ensure crew security, oxygen partial pressure of pressurized cabin should be controlled within index range using oxygen partial pressure control system. A mathematical model about oxygen partial pressure control system of multi-cabin manned spacecraft was proposed, including pressurized cabin, crew, oxygen makeup assemble, inter module ventilation （IMV） and other sub-modules. Through comparing with experiment results, veracity of the model was proved. Using this model, influence of different factors to oxygen partial pressure of manned spacecraft with two pressurized cabins all with the volume of 60 m^3 was analyzed, including crew location, inter module ventilation and oxygen partial pressure monitoring mode. According to results, oxygen partial pressure peak value difference between two cabins could reach 2.2 kPa when crew of 6 stay in un-control cabin and IMV flux is 0.5 m^3/min. Oxygen partial pressure difference between two cabins keep reducing as the inter module ventilation flux increasing. Monitoring mode has little effect to oxygen partial pressure of two cabins. When IMV flux is beyond 1.5 m^3/min, the difference between one-cabin monitoring mode and two-cabin monitoring mode could be ignored.