口服式疫苗研究进展

Advance in Oral Vaccine

口服式疫苗在经人或动物口服进入胃肠道后,可有效的激发肠黏膜免疫。较传统注射疫苗相比,口服式疫苗给药方式简单快捷,产生的免疫效果稳定持久,是一种更为理想的免疫途径。口服式疫苗的种类较多,主要包括减毒活疫苗、DNA疫苗和转基因植物疫苗等。不同的口服式疫苗具有不同的载体,这些载体在保护抗原的同时能够有效增强机体对抗原的吸收从而增强免疫效果。笔者通过分析总结口服式疫苗国内外相关文献,对口服式疫苗的免疫效应机制以及研究进展情况进行了综述,为深入研究口服式疫苗的免疫应答机制提供理论依据。

Oral vaccine can stimulate the immunity of intestinal mucosa effectively after entering the gastrointestinal orally. It is a more ideal way of immunity compared with the traditional injection vaccine, since oral vaccine delivery mode is simple and quick while the results of immunity is stable and durable. There are many types of oral vaccines, including live attenuated vaccine, DNA vaccine and transgenic plant vaccine. Oral vaccine vehicle has more types, which not only can enhance the body to absorb the antigen but also can enhance the immune effect of the protective antigen effectively. In this paper, the mechanism about immunologic effect and recent advance on the research progression of oral vaccine are reviewed, what would provide ideas for related basic research.