十九世纪欧洲浪漫主义诗歌与肺病的互动关联

An Interaction Between Tuberculosis and European Romantic Poetry in the Nineteenth Century

结核病作为一种流行病在19世纪初被视为天才所得的高雅疾病。这一观念的形成,除了社会因素外,还与浪漫主义文学有关;浪漫主义文学美化了结核病人,刺激了结核病的浪漫想象,结核病给作家带来了创作灵感。这种互动效应在浪漫主义诗人身上体现得尤为明显。19世纪初的德国诗人诺瓦利斯,英国的济慈、雪莱都曾罹患肺结核,他们的人生被结核病所改变,并由此呈现出独特的文学风格。诺瓦利斯被称为"蓝花诗人",未婚妻的死使他走向内心和宗教感悟,歌颂黑夜和死亡,崇尚宗教对人的救赎;济慈被视为因肺结核而过早陨落的天才诗人,他的诗歌唯美多情,清新自然,颂扬真善美和爱情;雪莱在患病后,诗风有所转变,既有忧郁的情感同时又有自由不羁的反叛精神和理想主义。

Pulmonary tuberculosis has close interaction with romantic literature. As an epidemic, tuberculosis was regarded in the early nineteenth century as an elegant one which only geniuses deserved. The formation of this idea was also related with romantic literature in addition to social factors. Romantic literature beautified tuberculosis patients and stimulated imagination-inspiring romantic sentiment about tuberculosis for authors. This interactive effect is reflected most obviously in romantic poets. In the early nineteenth century, Novalis of Germany and Keats and Shelley of Britain all suffered from tuberculosis, under the influence of which they presented a unique literary style. Novalis is referred to as ＂The Blue Flower＂, the death of whose fiancee brought him to the heart and the religious sentiment, made him sing praises of night and death and advocated the religious redemption of mankind. Keats is regarded as a gifted poet, who died early of pulmonary tuberculosis, whose poems are aesthetic, affectionate, fresh and natural, eulogizing the true, the good, the beautiful and love. Shelley changed his poetic style after falling ill, with melancholy emotion and also free rebellious spirit and idealism.