体育锻炼对老年人“衰老感”影响的调查研究

An Investigation of the Effect of Physical Exercise on Elder People's Aging Sense

目的:了解我国老年人衰老感的人口学特征及体育锻炼对降低老年人衰老感的效果。方法:应用自编的老年人基本情况问卷和《衰老自评量表》对随机抽取南京市城区1 108名60岁及以上的老年人进行测查,评定不同年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度、婚姻状态和个人收入的老年人衰老感状况,并研究体育锻炼情况对老年人衰老感得分的影响。结果:不同年龄、性别、职业、教育、婚姻和经济收入的老年人之间衰老感得分存在显著差异,参与体育锻炼的老年人衰老感得分显著低于不参与体育锻炼的老年人,其中,周锻炼量对老年人衰老感得分影响显著。结论:老年人的衰老感具有年龄、性别、职业、教育、婚姻和经济等人口学特征,其中年龄和教育特征较为明显,在老年人衰老感人口学特征相对稳定的情况下,体育锻炼对降低老年人衰老感得分具有一定的效果,其中,周锻炼量越大越有利于降低老年人的衰老感。

Objective：To understand the effect of demographic characteristics of China＇s aging sense and physical exercise on reducing aging sense. Methods：By using the questionnaire and the self rating scale for the elderly, this paper randomly selected 1108 elder people aged at 60 and above from Nanjing city to evaluate their aging sense of different age, gender, occupation, educational level, marital status and personal income, and investigated the effect of physical ex- ercise on elder people＇s aging sense score. The result shows that there are significant differ- ence on aging sense score among elder people with different age, gender, occupation, education, marriage and income, the score of aging sense for elder people participating in physical exercise is lower than that of elder people not to participate in physical exercise. The weekly exercise volume has significant influence on age sense score of eider people. Conclusion：The aging sense of elder people has age, gender, occupation, education, marriage and economics and demographic characteristics. Among them, age and education characteristics are more obvious. In the relative stability of demographic characteristics of elder people aging sense, physical exercise has certain effect on reducing elder people aging sense, the higher of weekly exercise volume, the better of reducing the sense of the aging of the elderly.