教学研究中的领域一般与领域特殊之争

The Debate Upon Domain Generality and Domain Specificity of Teaching Research

教学实践的诸多两难困境反映为教学研究中领域一般与领域特殊的争论。领域一般教学研究秉持形式优先性的观念,强调教学形式在教学中的决定作用,通过教学形式化而获得普适实用的理论工具用以指导教学。领域特殊教学研究则从教学内容、教师的教和学生的学三个方面证明了教学的领域特殊性,强调具体教学内容和教学情境对教学活动的影响。领域一般和领域特殊之争的实质是教学内容与教学形式之争,内容与形式之分是论争的根源。考察教学内容与教学形式之间的关系,发现教学研究中领域一般与领域特殊之间除了差异与对立,还存在相反相成、相容共存的互补关系和相互佐证、互生互长的互动关系。教学研究的领域一般与领域特殊之间的矛盾在互补与互动的层面上能够得到解决。

There are many dilemmas in teaching practice, causing debates upon domain generality and domain specificity of teaching research. Teaching research in domain generality insists the privilege of ＂form＂, and emphasizes that teaching form is decisive in teaching, and wishes to guide teaching by universal theoretic tools which stem from teaching formalizing. While teaching researches in domain specificity demonstrate the teaching specificity in teaching content, teachers＂ performance and students＂ performance, thus emphasizing the influence of specific teaching content and teaching context on teaching activity. The essence of debates upon domain generality and domain specificity of teaching research is debate on teaching content and form, which stemmed from the division of content and form. Inspecting the relation between teaching content and teaching form, it is found that there are complementary and interactive relationships between domain generality and domain specificity of teaching research besides differences and oppositions between them. The contradiction between domain generality and domain specificity of teaching research can be solved on the level of complement and interaction between them.