CTT、IRT、FT:体育科学量表编制中的应用——以《特质流畅量表》为研究例证

CTT,IRT,FT:The Application of Scale in Sport Science——Taking “the Dispositional Flow Scale” as an Example

以《特质流畅量表》为案例工具,对763名不同项目和级别的运动员进行了问卷调查,通过3个应用研究探索CTT(经典测量理论)、IRT(项目反应理论)以及FT(层面理论)在量表编制中的使用及优化组合,验证了研究中提出的假设。研究认为,1)FT的映射语句对题项建立之初的内容效度方面具有自身的优越性;2)CTT和IRT应用于项目分析阶段,样本量达400时是一个稳定阈值,且CTT对量表题项的删减并不能代替IRT分析,但并不建议在此阶段使用FT的SSA技术;3)CTT和IRT结合应用于量表信度分析时能够从宏观与微观给出量表和题项的信度情况,CTT中的结构方程模型与FT中的SSA技术相结合能避免量表结构效度过于强调定量分析,而忽视内容理论框架的缺陷。

Based on the short dispositional flow scale, 763 athletes were investigated from dif- ferent items and levels, and using three application research, this paper explores the using and optimum combination of CTT, IRT, FT in development of scale. The result shows that 1 ） Mapping sentence of FT has its advantages in content validity of items establishment~ 2）Sam- pie size that is greater than 400 is a stability threshold when CTI＂ and IRT is applied in item analysis, and cTr can＇t replace IRT analysis in deletion of terms, meanwhile, SSA of FT will be not recommend in this stage; 3）The combination of CTT and IRT can give the reliability of scale and item form macroscopic and microscopic,the combination of structural equation model of CTT and SSA of FT can avoid too much emphasis on the quantitative analysis, and ignore the defect of concept theory framework.