运动后联合补充糖与蛋白质对肌糖原合成效果的研究进展

Research Advancement of the Effects of the Co-ingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein on Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise

肌糖原(Muscle Glycogen)是人体中主要的糖储备形式,可为肌肉收缩迅速提供能量。长时间、高强度的运动会大量消耗肌糖原,影响运动能力。肌糖原快速合成对运动后恢复至关重要,研究证实,运动后及时补糖可显著促进肌糖原的再合成过程。近年来的研究发现,在补糖的同时补充蛋白质可在一定程度上更有效地促进肌糖原的合成,但也有研究指出这种促进作用并不显著。综合目前已发表的研究,对运动后单独补糖或联合补充糖和蛋白质对肌糖原合成的影响进行分析,发现补糖和蛋白质的速度是制约肌糖原合成效果的一个重要因素。其机制可能与胰岛素水平升高进而促进葡萄糖转运,以及糖原合成酶活性的增强有关。但目前对补充蛋白质的形式、类型以及作用机制的研究还不够透彻,后续研究可从这几方面展开探讨,为制定科学化地促进运动后肌糖原合成的营养方案提供理论依据。

Muscle glycogen is the major energy source in human body, it can provide the energy for muscle contraction rapidly. A large amount of muscle glycogen will be depleted after long term and high intensity exercise, and it will affect the exercise performance also. The rapid syn- thesis of muscle glycogen is an important part for the post-exercise recovery, many studies have reported that the process of muscle glycogen synthesis can be accelerated by the supple- mentation of carbohydrate after exercise. On the other hand, some recent studies found that the muscle glycogen synthesis can be further promoted by the co-ingestion of carbohydrate and protein after exercise. However, some other studies were not observed positive results. Based on the summarization and analysis of the published scientific papers, this paper found out that the ingestion rate of carbohydrate and protein was the major reason for the inconsistent find- ings among different studies. If the ingestion rate of carbohydrate was slower than 1.0 - 1. 2 g/kg/h, the co-ingestion of protein at a rate of 0. 2-0.4 g/kg/h will promote the muscle glycogen synthesis rate significantly. The higher insulin level after the ingestion of protein will enhance the transportation of glucose, and protein supplementation can also strengthen the activity of glycogen synthetase, the both reasons may resulted in the greater synthesis rate of muscle glycogen after protein ingestion. However, the suitable forms and types of the supplied proteins, and also the potential mechanisms behind the findings have not been investigated clearly so far. Further studies can focus on the abovementioned questions and provide evidences for making scientific nutrition supplementation programmes which can promote the muscle gly- cogen synthesis rate after exercise.