不同生长条件下峨眉产黄连个体生物量及生物碱类成分含量的比较

Comparison on Individual Biomass and Alkaloids Content of Coptidis Rhizoma in Different Growth Condition from Emei County

目的：探索峨眉地区黄连在不同生长条件下,个体营养器官生物量及根茎中生物碱类成分含量的变化,确定最佳栽培方式,为黄连药材的规范化种植提供参考。方法：以峨眉黄连《中药材生产质量管理规范》（GAP）基地为观测对象,采集不同海拔高度、遮荫方式及种植密度4年生黄连样品,分析黄连个体营养器官生物量的变化,采用反相高效液相色谱法（PR-HPLC）测定黄连根茎中7种生物碱类成分的含量,流动相乙腈-3.4 g·L^-1KH2PO4溶液（H3PO4调p H 3.0）（40∶60）,流速1.2 m L·min^-1,检测波长345 nm。结果：在海拔1 200-1 800 m峨眉地区,黄连个体营养器官总生物量无显著差异,7种生物碱类成分含量符合2010年版《中国药典》规定;采用遮阳网方式与传统搭棚遮荫无显著差异,但该技术省工、省材,保护了森林资源;采用株行距10 cm×10 cm正方形栽植较株行距12 cm×12 cm正方形栽植每公顷可增产32%。结论：峨眉地区黄连适宜在海拔1 200-1 800 m,单层网遮荫和株行距10 cm×10 cm的条件下栽培,为黄连药材的GAP规范化种植提供参考。

Objective： To study individual biomass of vegetative organs and alkaloids content in rhizome of Coptidis Rhizoma under different growth condition, and provide basic research data of optimal conditions for this herb in Emei county. Method： The weighing method and RP-HPLC was applied to determined biomass and compare contents of alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma under different altitude, shading way and cultivation density from Emei GAP base. Result： At an altitude of 1 200-1 800 m in Emei county, individual biomass of Coptidis Rhizoma had no significant difference, and contents of seven kinds of alkaloids conformed to requirement of the 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Compared with traditional covering means, one and two layer shading net was no significant difference, but the new technology was saving labor and materials, protecting the forest resources. Production increased 32% per hectare with planting spacing of 10 cm × 10 cm by comparing with 12 cm × 12 cm. Conclusion： This study indicates that proper plant method, which is in altitude of 1 200-1 800 m, with monolayer net and planting spacing of 10 cm × 10 cm, should be taken to improve quality and output of Coptidis Rhizoma. This method is proved to be practical for quality control of samples from GAP base of Coptidis Rhizoma.