新生代农民工积极群际接触的有效性:基于群体身份与认同视角

The effectiveness of positive intergroup contact of new generation rural-to-urban migrants: Based on group identity and identification

以新生代农民工为研究对象,以其对群际通透性的感知为测量指标,检验积极群际接触的有效性,探察群体受害者身份感知和群体认同对积极群际接触有效性的影响,以及群体认同在群体受害者身份感知与积极群际接触关系中的作用。结果表明:(1)积极群际接触可以有效促进新生代农民工对群际通透性的感知;(2)新生代农民工群体受害者身份感知对积极群际接触有效性有显著的中介作用;(3)新生代农民工的城市人认同水平对积极群际接触有效性具有显著的调节作用;(4)新生代农民工群体受害者身份感知对积极群际接触有效性的中介作用不受其群体认同水平的影响。研究结论对积极群际接触的有效性和感知的群体受害者身份与群体认同的关系进行了深入地讨论。

Intergroup contact is an important strategy for improving intergroup relations. On the basis of common goals, equal status, intergroup cooperation and the support of neutral institutions, positively contacting with members of the out-group members can effectively reduce prejudice towards the outgroup, thus increasing confidence towards the out-group and finally improving intergroup relations. But current research challenges the effectiveness of positive intergroup contact. Many researchers find in their research that positive intergroup contact cannot improve intergroup relations, even finding that it has a harmful effect. According to the pressure and coping framework of intergroup contact, there are four coping patterns （engage, fight, flight, and freeze） to the pressure of intergroup contact, but only the engage pattern is effective. There are many factors influencing whether individuals engage in intergroup contact, such as individual＇s personality, sympathy, levels of anxiousness and knowledge of the outgroup. The term ＂new generation rural-to-urban migrants＂ refers to farmers-turned-workers who were born afler 1980. Compared to the first generation of migrants who were born before 1980, researches find that the new generation of migrants has a stronger willingness to become citizens. Therefore, they have more contact with citizens, thus intergroup contact has important influences on new generation migrants＇ integration to the city. In consideration of the paradoxical results of positive intergroup contact research, the effectiveness of new generation of migrants＇ positive intergroup contact with citizens becomes an interesting and important research domain. This research selects 900 new generation migrants who were recruited from 8 coastal cities of China. Their perceived intergroup permeability was measured to explore the effectiveness of positive intergroup contact and the influence of perceived group victimhood and group identity on the effectiveness. Perceived group victimhood （PGV） refers to an individual＇s recognition of victimhood of their group in history or/and current society. Perceived group victimhood can evidently reduce an individual＇s confidence to out-group, and increase intergroup prejudice, so this research hypothesizes that perceived group victimhood has a mediation effect on the new generation migrants＇ positive intergroup contact. The results of this research suggest： （1） Positive group contact can effectively improve the new generation migrants＇ perception of group permeability; （2） Perceived group victimhood of the new generation migrants has a significant mediation effect on their positive group contact; （3） The new generation migrants＇ citizen identity has an evident moderation effect to their positive group contact; （4） Group identity of the new generation migrants has no significant effect in the relation of perceived group victimhood and positive group contact. Lastly, this research discusses the effectiveness of group contact and the relation of perceived group victimhood and group identity.