提示对3～11岁儿童解决类比推理问题的影响

The Influences of Hints 3 ～ 11 Years Old Children's Performance on Analogical Reasoning

随机抽取360名3~11岁儿童,采用几何图形、关系图形、词语、数字、故事五种材料,考察提示对儿童类比推理的影响。结果发现：（1）提示对3~4岁和8~9岁儿童几何图形类比推理成绩有影响;提示对3~4岁和9~11岁儿童词语类比推理成绩有影响;提示对3~11岁儿童数字类比推理成绩均有影响;提示对3岁和8~11岁儿童关系图形类比推理成绩有影响;提示对3~4岁和8~11岁儿童故事类比推理成绩有影响;（2）提示使原本不会类比推理的3岁儿童能够初步进行类比推理。

Randomly selected 360 children aged 3 ~ 11, this study used five kinds of materials including geometry, relational graphics, words, numbers and stores to investigate hints influence on children＇ s analogical reasoning. The results showed that： （ 1 ） Hints influenced 3 ~ 4 years old children＇ s performance on geometry analogical reasoning; Hints influenced 3 ~ 4 years old and 9 ~ 11 years old children＇ s performance on word analogical reasoning; Hints influenced 3 ~ 11 years old children＇ s performance on number analogical reasoning; Hints influenced 3 years old and 8 ~ 11 years old children＇ s performance on relations graphics analogical reasoning; Hints influenced 3 ~4 years old and 8 ~ 11 years old children＇ s performance on story analogical reasoning; （2） Hints made 3 years old children who couldn＇ t use analogy reasoning learred to conduct some preliminary analogy reasoning.