当代中国城市基层的国家与社会关系研究及其学理反思——基于政治社会学视角的分析

Research on the Relationship between State and Society in Contemporary Urban China and Theoretical Reflection on It:Based on the Perspective of Political Sociology

"国家"与"社会"可以说是在相互划清边界的过程中彼此赋予发展动力而产生与形成的。政治国家与市民社会并存乃是现代国家的一个基本特征;国家与社会的互动关系则形塑社会结构、影响社会秩序。作为社会科学研究的经典分析框架,"国家与社会"范式在被引入当代中国研究领域后,迅速成为城市基层研究的主流,并产生了大量的研究成果。这些研究有助于我们认识当代中国社会政治秩序的整合路径;但也日益陷入一种同质生产、难以取得理论突破的境地。为克服国家与社会框架的内在张力,我们需要在研究中反思城市基层的"社会"如何实体化操作、其多层复合属性以及内部的多样性和不一致性,"国家"的实体化操作问题及其角色的多维性,以及城市基层"国家"与"社会"的联结机制。在此基础上,还需要进一步反思"国家与社会"范式作为特定的"知识生产"成果所具有的政治、文化和意识形态等知识社会学属性。

＂State＂ and ＂society＂ can be said to give mutual developmental impetus while draw the border each other. The coexistence of political state and civil society is a basic characteristic of modern state, and social structure, just like social order, is shaped by the interaction between state and society. As a classical analytical framework of social science, paradigm of ＂state and society＂ has become the mainstream of research on urban grassroots governance after its being introduced into the field of modern China studies. A lot of research findings are produced, which help us to understand the integration of so- cial and political order in contemporary China. Meanwhile, these studies increasingly become homoge- neous and are difficult to make a theoretical breakthrough. In order to overcome the inherent tension of the frame of ＂state and society＂, we need to reflect on the following issues in our studies： how to substanti- ate ＂society＂ in urban grassroots, multi-layer composite of ＂society＂ and its internal diversity and incon- sistency, how to substantiate ＂state＂ and its multidimensional role-playing, and the joint mechanism of ＂state＂ and ＂society＂ in urban grassroots. Furthermore, we need to reflect through the perspective of soci- ology of knowledge on political, cultural and ideological characteristics of this paradigm which is the prod- uct of specific knowledge production.