道德强国之梦：民初俄灾赈济会述论（1921~1923）

A Dream of Power by Morality：A Discussion on the Activities of the Organization of Relieving Russian Famine（1921 -1923）in the Early Republican China

俄灾赈济会是在一战后中国思想界重新肯定精神文明价值、国民外交意识增强的背景下成立的。当时各"文明国家"积极赈俄,中国政府则助赈不力,赈济会呼吁国民应以"中国人"的意识担起赈灾之任。时论认为救济外国灾荒实际上是国民"善力"的体现,为国民应具备的基本素质,能够塑造国民形象,使中国成为道德上的强国。而且"善力"还能够推动国民外交,昭示国民力量。赈济会募捐过程中面临官商群体捐款不积极、仅有无资财的学生积极捐款、自身公信力受质疑等困境,募捐结果远低于预期。其中,国力不强是其根本原因。赈济会期待的以国民外交促进中俄政府外交的愿望未能实现,俄方也没有归还中东路。"道德强国"最终成为一场梦。

With the enhancing of national diplomatic consciousness after World War Ⅰ, the Organization of Relieving Russian Famine reaffirmed the value of spiritual civilization. During that period, each＂civilized state＂took an active part in Russian＇s disaster relief, hut the Chinese government did little. The Organization urged the Chinese people to relieve the Russians deep in disaster, with the mind of ＂being Chinese＂. The public opinions held that relieving foreign countries＇ disaster was a reflection of nation＇s positive energy, a basic quality which can shape national image, by this way China can become a power by morality. What＇s more, the positive energy can promote civil diplomacy, show the national strength. The Organization faced the dilemma such as no active donation from the industrial and commercial groups, only students with no assets donated positively. The credit of the organization being doubted, etc. The donation result was far below expectations. At its root, the poor national strength was the most basic reason for its failure. At last, no real civil diplomacy came to be true, Russia refused returning the Middle East Railroad to China, the dream of becoming a power by behaving morally became a real illusion.