关于《唐律疏议》的几个问题

On Some Questions about The Tang lü shuyi

一般认为,《唐律疏议》是唐代的律典,也是我国古代流传下来的第一部完整的法典。这种说法虽然不无道理,但是并不准确。严格说来,唐代的律典不是《唐律疏议》而是《唐律》,我国现存第一部完整的古代法典自然亦非《唐律疏议》,而应是《唐律》,《唐律疏议》不过是《唐律》的官方解释书。日本学者仁井田陞、牧野巽曾有现存《唐律疏议》系演变自《宋刑统》的假说,虽然这一说法迄今仍然无法完全证成,但它对《唐律疏议》中的某些问题确实具有一定的解释力,值得重视。元代以来,《唐律疏议》的版本众多,这些版本大体肇自滂喜斋本而续有繁衍。在流传的过程中,《唐律疏议》曾产生若干错误,这些错误可以分为六种,即衍、脱、误、倒、乱、添。

According to a common saying, The Tang lü shuyi is an official book produced in the Tang dynasty,and the first code of complete code text in ancient China. Although with some reasons, this viewpoint is not thoroughly accurate. Strictly speaking, laws of the Tang dynasty is not The Tang lü shuyi but The Tang Code, The Tang Code is the first extant code of complete code text in ancient China. The Tang lü shuyi is but an official interpretation of The Tang Code. Niida Noboru and Makino Tatsumi, two famous Japanese Scholars,assume the extant Tang lü shuyi was evolved from The Song Code. This hypothesis is still not completely proved to be true, but it can provide some insightful explanations indeed to the questions about The Tang lü shuyi. Since the Yuan dynasty, there appeared many editions of The Tang lü shuyi evolved from the edition of Pangxizhai. In the spread of The Tang lü shuyi, lots of mistakes were made gradually. These mistakes can be divided into six, namely redundancy, omission, misprint, reversal, confusion and additior~