入侵植物辣子草的生态适应性研究

Study on ecological suitability of exotic invasive plant Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

采用石蜡切片法以及扫描电镜技术观测了辣子草营养器官的解剖结构以及种子形态,室内种子烘干与萌发试验测定种子的繁殖特性,野外调查了辣子草的生态位特点及其单株结实量。结果表明:贵州气候与辣子草原产地南美洲的气候极为相似,这奠定了辣子草在贵州成功并快速入侵的气候环境基础;辣子草生物量大,在群落中的生态位宽度值及重叠值最大,易形成单一优势群落;单株结实量高,种子轻小易随风扩散;种子萌发率高,且有一定的抗酸碱胁迫、盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的能力;辣子草的结构也体现对不同环境的适应性。

Using paraffin section method and scanning electron microscopy technology, authors observed the anatomical structure of Galinsoga parviflora vegetative organs and the morphology of seed, determined the reproductive characteristics of seeds by drying and seed germination test, as well as investigated the niche characteristics and seed yield per plant in field. The resaults showed that, the climate of Guizhou was similar to that of South America, that led G. parviflora invaded successfully and rapidly. G. parviflora had large biomass, owned the biggest niche breadth and overlap value, it＇s easy for emerging the single dominant community. The seed yield per plant was high, and its light weight and small size made the seed easy to spread in the wind. The seed germination rate was high, and it had a certain ability of resistance to acid and alkali stress, salt stress as well as drought stress. The structure of G. parviflora also reflected its adaptability to different environments.