基于生态足迹模型的湖北省黄冈市生态安全评价

Evaluation of ecological security of Huanggang city in Hubei province based on ecological footprint model

以生态比较脆弱的湖北省黄冈市为研究对象，运用生态足迹模型对黄冈市2003--2011年间的人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力和人均生态赤字进行测算，并采用生态压力指数、生态占用指数和生态经济协调指数对黄冈市的生态安全进行评估。结果表明：2003--2011年间，黄冈市的人均生态足迹从1．53977hm。上升到2．08304hm2，增长了35．28％；人均生态赤字从1．22208hm2上升到1．7357hm2，增长了42．02％；而人均生态承载力却缓慢增长，且人均生态足迹和人均生态赤字处于增长趋势。生态压力指数在3．9～4．3之间，生态环境处于极不安全状态；生态经济协调指数在0．6～0．9之间，社会经济发展与生态环境的协调性极差。针对黄冈市的生态压力极大问题，分析了原因，并提出了相关建议。

Taking Huanggang city with vulnerable ecology as research subject, we measured the ecological footprint, capacity and deficit per capita of Huanggang city during 2003 to 2011 by applying ecological footprint model and assessed the ecological security condition of Huanggang city by adopting the indexes of ecological pressure, occupation and economical coordination. The results showed that, the ecological footprint per capita of Huanggang city rose from 1.53977 hm2 to 2.08304 hm2, with an increase rate of 35.28% ; ecological deficit per capita rose from 1.22208 hm2 to 1.7357 hm2, with an increase rate of 42.02%; while ecological capacity per capita increased slowly. The ecological pressure index kept at 3.9-4.3, which meant that the ecology was in the state of jeopardy; the ecological economical coordination index kept at 0.6-0.9, suggesting that the relation between ecological environment and economical development was extremely unhealthy. Given the immense ecological pressure of Huanggang city, we analyzed the reasons and put forward some relevant advices.