我国天然草地生态系统服务价值评估

Study on Value Evaluation of Natural Grassland Ecosystem Services in China

在谢高地等学者的研究基础上,评估了我国各省份各天然草地类型的生态系统服务价值,得出全国天然草地年生态系统服务价值为12 416.86×108元。各省份、各草地类型、各地理区域生态系统服务价值差异显著。黑龙江省年天然草地生态系统服务价值3009.72×108元,而上海市仅为1.15×108元,二者相差逾2617倍。年生态系统服务价值最高的草地类型是沼泽类6489.74×108元,最低的是干热稀树灌草丛类40.07×108元。高寒草甸类、低地草甸类、热性灌草丛类、热性草丛类、温性草原类,分别占年生态系统服务价值的7.73%、6.15%、6.1%、5.17%、5.02%,其余各类草地均低于3%。废物处理(31.78%)、干扰管理(16.07%)、食物生产(13.99%)、水供应(13.45%)构成天然草地每年生态系统服务价值的75.29%,气候管理等10项服务功能价值所占比例均在6%以下,占生态系统总服务价值的24.71%。

The ecosystem service values about various types of natural grassland from every province in China are evaluated on the basic studies of Xie Gaodi and other researchers. The study concludes that the yearly ecosystem service value about the national natural grasslands is 12 416.86×10^8 CNY totally. And the value is of significant difference in every province, every type of grassland and every geographical region. The yearly ecosystem service value about the natural grassland is 3009.72 ×10^8 CNY in Heilongjiang Province, while only 1.15 ×10^8 CNY in Shanghai, a difference more than 2617 times. The grassland with highest yearly ecosystem service value is 6489.74 ×10^8 CNY in swamp, while the lowest is 40.07 ×10^8 CNY in hot dry savanna shrub. The values of alpine meadow, lowland meadow, hot filling and grass, hot grass and temperate grasslands account for 7.73%, 6.15%, 6.1%, 5.17% and 5.02% of yearly total ecosystem service value respectively, and the other types of grasslands cover less than 3%. The waste treatment （31.78%）, disturbance management （16.07%）, food production （13.99%） and water supply （13.45%） constitute 75.29% of the yearly ecosystem service value about natural grassland. The value proportion of other 10 service functions including climate management is less than 6%, accounting for 24.71% of the total ecosystem service values.