基于生物多样性的海绵城市景观途径探讨

Based on Biological Diversity to Explore the Design Method of Sponge Urban Landscape

针对我国水资源短缺以及由雨水引发的径流污染和城市洪涝等问题,目前国内对绿色雨水基础设施的生态功能、景观效果及环境和社会综合效益等认识还不足。文章立足于风景园林空间的尺度特点,把海绵城市景观生态系统从宏观到中微观划分为成城市—区域、城市公园、城市微小绿地等三个层面,其侧重点不同,上下结合推进,发挥出各层次系统特定的作用,建立一个跨尺度的网络化绿色雨水基础设施,进而逐步取代部分灰色基础设施,增加城市生境斑块的多样性和生境空间结构多样性,有利于生物多样性的保护,构建优良的生态系统,让自然做工,形成可持续的景观,促进城市生态环境的改善。

In view of the water shortage, pollution runoff and urban flooding problems caused by rain, current domestic regulations pay more attention to the gray storage facilities, but not enough researches were done on the ecological functions, landscape aesthetics, environmental and social benefits of the green infrastructure. Base on the spacial scale features of landscape design, this article divides sponge ecosystems of urban landscape, from marco to micro, into three levels： city - region, city parks, urban green spaces. Each focuses on a different aspect of urban landscape, each plays its own specific role. This way of planning establishes cross-scale rainwater harvesting infrastructure, utilizes the sustainability of green infrastructure, gradually takes over parts of gray infrastructure. It will also increase diversity of habitat patches and spatial structures, protect biodiversity, greatly improve the urban ecological environment.