车门隔声量的多学科设计优化

Multidisciplinary design optimization of the sound transmission loss of vehicle door

汽车NVH性能越来越受到生产商和消费者的重视,车内噪声水平是其重要的一项评价指标。对车门结构进行优化设计可以提高车门隔声量,降低车内噪声,提高整车NVH性能。文中分别运用质量定律和有限元方法计算简单板件的隔声量,有限元方法计算车门的隔声量并与车门隔声试验结果对比,证明有限元方法的准确性和方便性。考虑车门在模态、刚度、总质量的约束下,以车门隔声量最大为目标,对车门结构进行多学科优化设计。选取车门主要板件厚度作为优化变量,采用最优拉丁方试验设计采取样本点,多项式响应面法建立近似模型,运用连续二次规划优化算法求解优化问题最优解。优化后的车门与原车门相比,车门隔声量提高了1.2 d B,优化效果明显。

The NVH performance of vehicles is paid more attention to both vehicle manufacturers and consumers,and the interior noise is an important factor to evaluate NVH performance. The optimization of the structure of vehicle door can improve the Sound Transmission Loss （STL）of the door to reduce the interior noise and improve NVH performance. The STL of a simple panel calculated by the theory of Mass Law and FEM Simulations were conducted respectively. The comparison with experiments is provided to illustrate the validity and feasibility of FEM Simulation. Besides,considering the door＇s mass, stiffness, and modal. The main panels of the door are chosen as the variables,a Muhidisciplinary Design Optimization （MDO） of the door＇s structure is conducted to improve the STL. The sample points are obtained by optimal Latin Hypercube, and the approximation models are established by polynomial response surface method. The optimal solution is calculated by Sequential Quadratic Programming. The optimization results show that the STL of the door is improved by 1.2 dB.