与阿尔茨海默病发病机制相关的microRNA的研究现状及进展

Status and Progress of miRNA Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)是一种复杂的慢性神经系统退行性疾病,病因和发病机制迄今尚未明确,可能与多种因素有关,如基因突变、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、胶质细胞活化、细胞凋亡等.MicroRNA(miRNA)是神经细胞分化、生长以及神经系统可塑性调节的关键因子,miRNA的异常表达与AD的发病机制密切相关.综述了近年来miRNA在调节β淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)表达、调节淀粉样前体蛋白β位分解酶1(BACE1)表达、调节微管相关蛋白Tau表达以及调节其他非特异性致病因子等与AD发病机制相关因素等方面的研究现状和进展,将为深入系统研究阿尔茨海默病的发病机制提供参考.

Alzheimer＇ s Disease（AD） is a complicated chronic neurodegenerative disease. The cause and pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood and maybe associated with many factors, such as gene mutation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation and cell apoptosisl MicroRNA（miRNA）, can function as key regulators in the differentiation, growth and plasticity of nerve cells. Abnormal expression of miRNA may contribute to the onset and development of AD. In this paper, we reviewed the recent research situation and progress of the miRNA in regulating the expreesion of amyloid β-protein precursor （APP）, β-site APP cleavingenzyme 1（BACE1 ）, microtubule associated protein tau and other non-specific pathogenic factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, which would provide reference for further study on the pathogenesis of AD.