《道藏·洞玄部》中医药文献特点初探

Research on Medical Literature in Dong-xuan of Taoist Canon

中医药学的发展深受道教思想的影响。自古中国就有"医者通仙道"的说法。陈寅恪先生曾说:"本草药物之学出于道家。"《道藏》是一部包罗万象的道教丛书,荟萃了诸子百家文集和医学经典。白云观藏明代《正统道藏》,这是一部迄今能够见到的惟一保存较完好的《道藏》。本文以《正统道藏·洞玄部》为例,对《道藏》医药文献的分布特点进行了研究,认为其分布广泛且各具特色,各类文献内容侧重点不同。《道藏》中的医药养生文献,一部分是与道教教义相吻合的医药著作,还有一部分是道教养生专著,许多道教的著作同时是中医药学的重要典籍。因此,深入研究《道藏》对于现代医药的发展有着重要的意义。

The development of Chinese medicine is deeply influenced by Taoism, as an old saying： Doctors know about Taoism. Chen Yin-que once said： ＂Herbal medicine theories originate from Taoism.＂ As one series of various Taoist books, Taoist canon concentrates hundreds of ancient philosophers and medical classics. Zheng tong Taoist canon, which has been collected in Bai Yun Guan, is the only one well preserved among similar visions in the world. This essay is to introduce distribution features on medical literatures in Dong-xuan of Taoist canon, suggesting that medical literatures is widely distributed in this book, while different literal styles have their unique characteristics. On the aspect of healthcare literature, partial ones coordinate with Taoism doctrines, partial ones belong to Taoism monograph. Meanwhile, many of them are important classics in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thus, profound study of Taoist canon plays an important role in the development of modem medicine.