我国注册驰名商标反淡化制度的理论反思——以2009年以来的35份裁判文书为样本

Theoretical Reflection on Anti-dilution System of Registered Wellknown Trademark in China: Based on 35 Judgments after 2009

2009年以来,跨类混淆的理论基础、注册驰名商标跨类保护的边界以及"搭便车"的体系归属,是驰名商标淡化机制法律适用中的三个典型问题。其答案可概述如下:跨类混淆立足于混淆理论,《商标法》第13条第1款和第3款应作修正;混淆理论与淡化理论之间既有排斥又有兼容关系,应通过"相当程度的联系"来划定淡化保护机制的边界;"搭便车"具有独立于"淡化"之外的清晰涵义,这类行为不宜由商标法调整,应进入反不正当竞争法评价。

35 judgments concerning anti-dilution system of registered well-known trademark have been made after 2009 in China, reflecting three typical problems exist among judicial application of anti-dilution rule in China including theoretical basis of cross-category confusion, boundary of cross-category protection of registered well-known trademark and institutional significance of free-riding. Answers can be concluded roughly as follows. Likelihood of confusion is the theoretical basis of cross-category confusion and Article 13（3） of Trademark Law shall be revised; likelihood of confusion and dilution can be exclusive and compatible, ＂likelihood of association＂ can be used to restrict scope of anti-dilution doctrine; taking into consideration that the ＂free-riding＂ has independent meaning other than ＂dilution＂, it should be regulated by Anti-Unfair Competition Law rather than Trademark Law.