初中数学教材难易程度的国际比较研究

International Comparative Study of the Level of Difficulty of Middle School Mathematics Textbook

以中、澳、美、英、法、德、韩、新、日与俄等10个国家现行的初中（7～9年级）数学教材为研究对象，从内容广度、内容深度、例题难度、习题难度4个方面构建比较指标体系进行分析．研究发现：俄罗斯教材、特别是例习题最难，韩、中紧随其后，新加坡法国德国次之，日本美国澳大利亚居第四梯队，英国教材最简单．中、俄、法比较重视“图形与几何”，美、澳、英比较重视“数与运算”．日本教材知识涉及知识最少，澳大利亚教材是典型的广而浅，法国教材是典型窄而深．

The study objects including the current middle school （7-9grades） mathematics textbooks from China, Australia, America, Britain, France, Germany, Korea, Singapore, Japan and Russia, from four aspects of the breadth and depth of content, difficulty of examples and exercises to construct comparative index system. The study found that Russian mathematics textbook is the hardest, especially the difficulty of examples and exercises, followed by Korea and China, and then Singapore, France, Germany. Japanese, American and Australia mathematics textbooks are in the fourth echelon. Mathematics textbook of Britain is the simplest. China, Russia and France put more emphasis on ＂Graphics and Geometry＂, America, Australia and Britainpay more attention to ＂Number and Operation＂. Japanese mathematics textbook involves a minimum of knowledge points, mathematics textbook of Australiais typically ＂broad and shallow＂, while France is typically ＂narrow and deep＂.