露天矿滚石灾害分析及控制

Analysis and control of rock-fall disaster in open-pit mine

滚石灾害是露天矿山经常出现的地质灾害,因其突发性和不确定性,无法对其进行主动和有效的防护。以某露天矿为研究对象,把露天边坡稳定性和滚石灾害研究结合起来,形成一个完整的从滚石灾害区域辨识、滚石灾害模拟到滚石灾害防治的灾害预警防治系统。采用软件模拟的方法对滚石灾害的分布区域以及滚石落点的时空分布进行深入研究。首先采用模拟软件对露天坑的14个地质剖面进行边坡稳定性分析,根据模拟结果圈定矿山的边坡滚石的多发区域,并采用模拟软件对滚石进行模拟,获取滚石的运动路径、滚石落点和滚石速度的统计规律,进而提出了有针对性的滚石灾害防治措施,以减少灾害对矿山生产和施工人员人身安全的威胁。

Rock-fall is a frequent geological disaster in open-pit mine. Due to the abruptness and uncertainty, it is difficult to take some active and effect measures to prevent it. The study in this paper is based on a certain open-pit combining the stability analysis of open-pit slope with rock-fall hazard study to establish an early warning system consists of hazard identification, rock-fall numerical simulation and rock-fall prevention. Using numerical simulation to identify the hazard zone of the slope and analyze the movement path of rock-fall from the hazard zone, the distribution of impact points at the bottom of the open-pit and rock-fall velocity are got. Based on the result, we can take some targeted measures to minimize the threat of rock-fall to production and workers.