大型风力机叶片气动外形及其运行特性设计优化

Design and Optimization of Aerodynamic Shape and Operating Characteristics of Large Scale Wind Turbine Blade

大型风力机叶片气动外形设计时,不仅应考虑气动外形参数的优化,还应该考虑参数优化后的运行特性,才能为风力机实际控制提供依据。为此,提出一种叶片气动外形及其运行特性设计优化方法。该方法首先建立叶片翼型分布、弦长分布和扭角分布等气动外形参数控制方程,基于叶素-动量理论分析各参数变化对风轮功率的影响。在满足额定功率条件下,以减小所需额定风速为目标进行优化求解,求解过程中考虑初始桨距角的影响。针对优化后的风轮,设计了风轮转矩-转速关系曲线,分析了风轮运行特性。最后,采用计算流体动力学方法佐证了设计结果的正确性。

When designing the aerodynamic shape parameter of large scale wind turbine blade, both the aerodynamic shape parameter optimization and the operating characteristics should be considered because the operating characteristics are the control basis for wind turbines. A novel aerodynamic shape and operating characteristic optimization design method for the blade is proposed. The control equations of airfoil distribution, chord length distribution and twist angle distribution are constructed. The influences of various parameters on the wind rotor power are analyzed based on the blade element momentum theory （BEM）. The optimization target is to reduce the rated wind speed while the rated power is constant. In the optimization process, the influence of the initial pitch angle is considered. Aiming at the optimized wind rotor, the relationship curve between the torque and the rotational speed is designed, the running characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the correctness of the design results is verified by using the computational fluid dynamics （CFD）.